List of European Countries

Europe, the second smallest, and third most populous continent in the world is home to approximately 50 countries, and covers about 2% of the surface of earth. Europe comprises the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, and is surrounded by Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea to the north, west, and south respectively. The prehistoric period in Europe started about 1.8 million years ago when humans first came to Europe from Africa. It was marked by the beginning of Minoan civilization in Crete, which comprised the literate society of Minoans, who built a system of administration. It was followed by Mycenaean civilization, where they built many cities. In the 7th century BC, the dawn of Ancient Greece gave rise to minds like Socrates and Plato. The Empire of Rome rose in 1st century AD and was weakened by year 800 due to several conflicts and civil wars. The middle ages suffered more conflicts, and were marked by dark ages. The continual weakening of Roman Empire, acceptance of Christianity by most of Europe, East-West schism, birth of Roman Catholic inquisition, and the great famine took its toll. Europe rose to become a modern continent with the dawn of Renaissance period in 14th century. Philosophy, science, social studies, and art flourished in this period. Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Machiavelli and many others rose to fame. The renaissance soon spread to other countries. In the 15th century, America was recognized and trade began. The 18th century was marked by the commencement of Industrial Revolution. The First World War occurred in 1914, which led to the defeat of Russia and formation of Soviet Union. The Second World War, in 1939 led to the defeat of Germany by the United States, Allied Forces, and the Soviet Union. The ink wasn’t even dry on session of hostilities, as the ‘cold war’ began in 1946. This involved many silent battles and conflicts regarding politics. With the end of all these wars, the European Union was established.

Geography of Europe

Europe, being a Peninsula is surrounded by water on the North, West and South. The major landforms in Europe include small peninsular regions like the Scandinavian peninsula and the Iberian Peninsula. Mountain ranges like the Alps and Ural Mountains, and the European plain where rich farmland is found. Europe is home to many rivers, such as the Rhine, Volga, Danube, and more, which are a primary means of transportation. Deep sea ports are located along the coast. Big cities in the European Plain are Paris, Berlin and Moscow. Most of the Europe has a mild climate. The northern and mountain areas are relatively cold due to the chilly winds coming from Arctic Circle. The Pyrenees mountains protect the southern countries from the cold. Thus, the Mediterranean coast areas stay warm and attract tourists. The climate of Europe is highly favorable for farming, and that makes Europe a world leader in crop production. Europe is also known for natural resources, such as the production of minerals like coal and iron ore.

Important Countries to Visit and Things To Do

The European continent is known for its rich heritage and ancient history. It encompasses everything, old and new. The culture is rooted in the art, literature, music, cuisine, and architecture. Some renowned locations in Europe that draw millions of tourists each year are: Paris, also known as the “City of Lights” is one of the most loved locations in Europe, if note the World. The Eiffel Tower, Palace of Versailles, and Musee du Louvre are some of the top-rated tourist spots in the world. It is also called the “City of Love and Romance.” Rome, the vibrant capital of Italy is home to rich archeological remains and modern Italian culture. The essential attractions in Rome are The Colosseum, Trevi Fountain, Vatican City, and St. Peter’s Basilica. Tourists from all over the world visit Rome for the ruins, churches, and food. London, for centuries it has been one of the world most popular cities, and is the capital of the United Kingdom. A few of the many tourist locations in London are; The British Museum, Buckingham Palace, Tower of London, and more recently, Platform 9 3/4. Amsterdam, is the traditional kick off to any student beginning his or her European adventure. The famous spots here are the Van Gogh museum, Bloemenmark, Anne Frank’s House and Red Light District. Prague is known for its ornate castles and native beers. It is the capital of Czech Republic, (Czechia) located in Central Europe. The Czech Republic is the 6th most ‘peaceful country,’ with the lowest unemployment rate in Europe. Florence is another can’t-miss-city in Europe. It is known as the “City of Lily,” and was the birthplace of Renaissance. Venice is nothing less than a dreamlike location. With canals and shimmering water, it flaunts various palaces and churches that reflect the history of Europe. Many have asked, ‘What museums should I see when in Venice?’ And the response is, ‘ALL of Venice is a museum!’.

History Maps of Europe

• Map of Europe 1900
• Map of Europe Before WW2
• Europe Map in 1920