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What is the Non-Aligned Movement?



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Infographic Showing World Map Depicting NAM Member Countries

 

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a group of nations that are neutral and not aligned with any bloc. Established in 1961, the NAM has 120 members and 17 observers, as of 2012. The group is largely composed of developing countries; however, some developed countries are also its members.

Foundation

In 1947 the world was divided into two blocs opposed to each other. The Western Bloc comprised the US and its allies, while the Eastern Bloc consisted of the USSR and its satellite states.

In 1961, Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia, Sukarno of Indonesia, and Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana founded the Non-Aligned Movement. With the world divided into two blocs and countries pledging their allegiance to one of them, the leaders of the newly independent countries decided to form an organization which was neutral and would safeguard the independence of these nations.

The Bandung Conference that was held in 1955 can be considered a significant milestone in the journey of the Non-Aligned Movement. The Conference was hosted by Sukarno, President of Indonesia, and comprised of Asian and African nations. The conference pledged not to align with any bloc in the Cold War and adopted a “Declaration on Promotion of World Peace and Cooperation.” In 1961, Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia, hosted the first Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries in Belgrade. In September 1970, the Lusaka Conference was held. At the conference, the aims listed by the member states included opposing military bases in foreign countries, the peaceful resolution of disputes and not joining any military alliances or pacts of the two blocs.


Members and Organization

The members of the Non-Aligned Movement come from every continent. Barring South Sudan and Western Sahara, the entire African continent is a part of the Non-Aligned Movement. The organization is led by the Secretary General. Currently, Ilham Aliyev, the President of Azerbaijan, is the Secretary General of NAM. The headquarter is located in Jakarta, Indonesia. New York City hosts the coordinating bureau.

Current Situation

The end of the Cold War has seen the role of NAM greatly diminished. The organization is struggling to maintain its relevancy as the breakup of the Soviet Union has also led to the end of the Western and the Eastern Bloc. Despite the vastly changed global environment, the organization has ensured its usefulness by developing unity among the developing nations, focusing on developing multilateral ties, defending human rights, taking measures to eliminate weapons of mass destruction, combating terrorism, etc.

Non-Aligned Movement Countries

S.No. Countries Year of Joining
1 Afghanistan 1961
2 Algeria 1961
3 Angola 1976
4 Antigua and Barbuda 2006
5 Azerbaijan 2011
6 Bahamas 1983
7 Bahrain 1973
8 Bangladesh 1973
9 Barbados 1983
10 Belarus 1998
11 Belize 1976
12 Benin 1964
13 Bhutan 1973
14 Bolivia 1979
15 Botswana 1970
16 Brunei 1993
17 Burkina Faso 1973
18 Burundi 1964
19 Cambodia 1961
20 Cameroon 1964
21 Cape Verde 1976
22 Central African Republic 1964
23 Chad 1964
24 Chile 1973
25 Colombia 1983
26 Comoros 1976
27 Côte d’Ivoire 1973
28 Cuba 1961
29 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1961
30 Djibouti 1983
31 Dominica 2006
32 Dominican Republic 2000
33 Timor-Leste 2003
34 Ecuador 1983
35 Egypt 1961
36 Equatorial Guinea 1970
37 Eritrea 1995
38 Ethiopia 1961
39 Fiji 2011
40 Gabon 1970
41 Gambia 1973
42 Ghana 1961
43 Grenada 1979
44 Guatemala 1993
45 Guinea 1961
46 Guinea-Bissau 1976
47 Guyana 1970
48 Haiti 2006
49 Honduras 1995
50 India 1961
51 Indonesia 1961
52 Iran 1979
53 Iraq 1961
54 Jamaica 1970
55 Jordan 1964
56 Kenya 1964
57 Kuwait 1964
58 Laos 1964
59 Lebanon 1961
60 Lesotho 1970
61 Liberia 1964
62 Libya 1964
63 Madagascar 1973
64 Malawi 1964
65 Malaysia 1970
66 Maldives 1976
67 Mali 1961
68 Mauritania 1964
69 Mauritius 1973
70 Mongolia 1993
71 Morocco 1961
72 Mozambique 1976
73 Myanmar 1961
74 Namibia 1979
75 Nepal 1961
76 Nicaragua 1979
77 Niger 1973
78 Nigeria 1964
79 North Korea 1976
80 Oman 1973
81 Pakistan 1979
82 Palestine 1976
83 Panama 1976
84 Papua New Guinea 1993
85 Peru 1973
86 Philippines 1993
87 Qatar 1973
88 Republic of the Congo 1964
89 Rwanda 1970
90 Saint Kitts and Nevis 2006
91 Saint Lucia 1983
92 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2003
93 São Tomé and Príncipe 1976
94 Saudi Arabia 1961
95 Senegal 1964
96 Seychelles 1976
97 Sierra Leone 1964
98 Singapore 1970
99 Somalia 1961
100 South Africa 1994
101 Sri Lanka 1961
102 Sudan 1961
103 Suriname 1983
104 Swaziland 1970
105 Syria 1964
106 Tanzania 1964
107 Thailand 1993
108 Togo 1964
109 Trinidad and Tobago 1970
110 Tunisia 1961
111 Turkmenistan 1995
112 Uganda 1964
113 United Arab Emirates 1970
114 Uzbekistan 1993
115 Vanuatu 1983
116 Venezuela 1989
117 Vietnam 1976
118 Yemen 1990
119 Zambia 1964
120 Zimbabwe 1979

Observer Countries

S.No. Countries
1 Argentina
2 Armenia
3 Bosnia and Herzegovina
4 Brazil
5 China
6 Costa Rica
7 Croatia
8 El Salvador
9 Kazakhstan
10 Kyrgyzstan
11 Mexico
12 Montenegro
13 Paraguay
14 Serbia
15 Tajikistan
16 Ukraine
17 Uruguay

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