Economics

What countries yield the most cereal crops?



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A principal component of the human diet – Cereal has been critical to the survival of billions of people in the world. Wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, and sorghum are the staples which form a significant portion of the daily diet. Do you know that more than 50% of daily caloric intake of all human beings is from cereal grain consumption? In fact, for weight management, it is suggested by many dietitians to consume ‘oats’ for breakfast, as they are nutrient-rich.

Developing countries depend more on cereal for their nutrition, in comparison to the developed world. However, even if the affluent societies indulge more in the non-vegetarian meals, it’s cereal grains which supply appropriate ‘nutrition’ to the livestock. In the United States the intake of cereals from additional sweeteners or food starch is higher, in comparison to their direct consumption.

The produce of a region depends on its environmental, cultural, and economic factors. The regions with high water accessibility tend to have a dominating yield of rice and maize. Rice is also known to be grown well under flooding conditions. The harvest can rot if it struggles with water deficiency. Hence, Asia is the world’s largest producer of rice amid all the regions, owing to the large supply of freshwater and ample rainfall.

The grains which can tolerate the stress of drought are sorghum and millet, and thus they are grown abundantly in semi-arid environment of Africa and India. On the other hand, Barley is a grain which can be grown well in cold climates and thus is mostly produced in northern Europe and northern parts of the US and Canada. However, if we consider the global cereal yield, St. Vincent and the Grenadines and the United Arab Emirates have the most hectares of cereal yield.


There are numerous challenges which remain regarding the health benefits of cereal grains. To satisfy consumer expectations, grains are milled to remove germs and bran. However, the milling process can also remover the important nutrients, including dietary fiber, phenolics, vitamins and minerals.

The table below is sourced from World Bank and gives a clear idea of the cereal yield (kg per hectare) per country.

Country Cereal Yield (Kg per Hectare) Country Cereal Yield (Kg per Hectare)
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 24,743 Thailand 3,032
United Arab Emirates 21,487 Fiji 3,018
Kuwait 13,345 Lebanon 3,013
Bahamas 9,339 Azerbaijan 3,005
New Zealand 8,384 India 2,993
Ireland 8,223 Cuba 2,939
United States 8,143 Barbados 2,849
Netherlands 7,777 El Salvador 2,746
Austria 7,245 Estonia 2,658
Germany 7,182 Russia 2,650
Egypt 7,114 Guam 2,622
United Kingdom 7,023 Nepal 2,605
Belgium 6,985 Panama 2,570
Chile 6,858 Georgia 2,517
South Korea 6,795 Ethiopia 2,484
Croatia 6,742 Timor-Leste 2,454
Slovenia 6,464 Maldives 2,446
Slovak Republic 6,430 Zambia 2,418
Czech Republic 6,317 Cyprus 2,191
Denmark 6,222 Iran 2,166
Serbia 6,174 Guatemala 2,152
China 6,029 Cote d’Ivoire 2,134
Oman 5,690 Sao Tome and Principe 2,098
France 5,687 Bolivia 2,092
Italy 5,599 Australia 2,074
Vietnam 5,448 Hong Kong 2,000
Sweden 5,438 Afghanistan 1,982
Indonesia 5,406 Djibouti 1,926
Saudi Arabia 5,243 Uganda 1,906
Bosnia and Herzegovina 5,192 Sierra Leone 1,889
Switzerland 5,133 Ghana 1,842
Hungary 5,099 Palestinian 1,808
Argentina 5,097 Nicaragua 1,768
Luxembourg 5,000 Honduras 1,748
Japan 4,976 Dominica 1,696
Israel 4,970 Solomon Islands 1,657
Uruguay 4,941 Federated States of Micronesia 1,646
Bulgaria 4,818 Cameroon 1,644
Dominican Republic 4,761 Syria 1,615
Malta 4,745 Mali 1,608
Papua New Guinea 4,738 Gabon 1,604
Albania 4,716 Antigua and Barbuda 1,593
Qatar 4,693 Algeria 1,561
Ukraine 4,652 Tunisia 1,542
Bangladesh 4,629 Tanzania 1,541
Laos 4,627 Jordan 1,531
Uzbekistan 4,613 Rwanda 1,523
Norway 4,608 Burundi 1,520
Suriname 4,433 South Sudan 1,512
Paraguay 4,426 Trinidad and Tobago 1,481
Portugal 4,422 Benin 1,456
Colombia 4,192 Nigeria 1,444
Peru 4,188 Guinea-Bissau 1,426
Brazil 4,181 Kenya 1,391
Greece 4,145 Comoros 1,356
North Korea 4,083 Senegal 1,349
Costa Rica 4,027 Kazakhstan 1,348
Poland 4,000 Malawi 1,347
Romania 3,971 Liberia 1,322
Madagascar 3,920 Mongolia 1,279
Canada 3,909 Mauritania 1,222
Sri Lanka 3,897 Burkina Faso 1,181
Macedonia 3,859 Guinea 1,180
Lithuania 3,853 Swaziland 1,138
New Caledonia 3,833 Togo 1,131
Latvia 3,828 Jamaica 1,090
South Africa 3,810 Turkmenistan 1,076
Mexico 3,749 Haiti 1,013
Myanmar 3,607 Grenada 1,007
Ecuador 3,576 Yemen 995
Finland 3,574 Morocco 936
Philippines 3,529 Angola 935
Guyana 3,516 Central African Republic 880
Cambodia 3,460 Chad 845
Mauritius 3,455 Brunei Darussalam 844
Spain 3,430 Gambia 841
Venezuela 3,427 Republic of the Congo 828
Bhutan 3,410 Mozambique 824
Tajikistan 3,349 Democratic Republic of the Congo 772
Montenegro 3,262 Libya 715
Malaysia 3,227 Sudan 685
Belarus 3,208 Vanuatu 613
Moldova 3,197 Zimbabwe 580
Puerto Rico 3,192 Niger 530
Belize 3,165 Lesotho 508
Turkey 3,105 Somalia 507
Kyrgyz Republic 3,104 Namibia 453
Iraq 3,101 Botswana 453
Armenia 3,076 Eritrea 414
Pakistan 3,064 Cabo Verde 178

Know more:

World’s Agricultural Production Countries on Map
Top Ten Countries by Agricultural Exports
What is the percent of agricultural land in the world?
World Map depicting employment in agriculture
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