The term Global South has emerged in postcolonial studies that refer to the ‘Third World’. It is for the ‘developing countries,’ which also share interconnected histories of colonialism and neo-imperialism.
The member states of the South-South Cooperation are primarily located in the Southern Hemisphere, including Asia (with the exception of Japan, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan), Central America, South America, Mexico, Africa, and the Middle-East (with the exception of Israel).
Guided by the principles of national sovereignty, national ownership and independence, equality, non-conditionality, non-interference in domestic affairs and mutual benefit; the South-South cooperation was manifested on the solidarity among people and nations. It contributes to the well-being, national and collective self-reliance and the attainment of internationally agreed development goals including the ‘2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,’ by the member states.
The history of South-South Cooperation can be analyzed through a time frame of four periods:
The recognition of the South-South Cooperation by the United Nations and its various institutions, formed the ‘four’ governing bodies within UN-
The High-Level Committee on South -South Cooperation: The main policy making body on SSC that initially comprised of representatives of all countries. The functions include reviewing the progress in implementation, policymaking, availability of financial resources and ensuring coordination and promotion.
The General Assembly: Occupying the central position in the UN, it acts as a chief deliberative, policymaking and a representative organ.
The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): It was established under the UN charter to coordinate economic, social and related work of the 14 UN specialized agencies, functional commissions and regional commissions.
UNDP/UNFPA: Comprising of representatives from 36 countries, it supports the UNDP and ensures the organization remains responsive to the evolving needs of the countries.
There is ample ground affirming the positive impact of the South-South Cooperation but rapid globalization underscores the need for a strategic approach to SSC. The efforts to expand the scope of SSC and Triangular Partnerships and increase monetary and financial corporations are encouraging developments that should be strengthened. The cooperation should step actively forward in the global forums, while raising and attracting attention to the needs of the Global South. The opportunity of celebrating ‘12th September‘ as an ‘International Day for South-South Cooperation’ is an encouraging leap towards sustained and ensured development.
The underlying table shows a list of the member states of the South-South Cooperation:
G-77 Member States – South-South Cooperation |
Afghanistan |
Algeria |
Angola |
Antigua and Barbuda |
Argentina |
Bahamas |
Bahrain |
Bangladesh |
Barbados |
Belize |
Benin |
Bhutan |
Bolivia |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Botswana |
Brazil |
Brunei Darussalam |
Burkina Faso |
Burundi |
Cambodia |
Cameroon |
Cape Verde |
Central African Republic |
Chad |
Chile |
China |
Colombia |
Comoros |
Congo |
Costa Rica |
Côte d’Ivoire |
Cuba |
North Korea |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Djibouti |
Dominica |
Dominican Republic |
Ecuador |
Egypt |
El Salvador |
Equatorial Guinea |
Eritrea |
Ethiopia |
Fiji |
Gabon |
Gambia |
Ghana |
Grenada |
Guatemala |
Guinea |
Guinea-Bissau |
Guyana |
Haiti |
Honduras |
India |
Indonesia |
Iran |
Iraq |
Jamaica |
Jordan |
Kenya |
Kuwait |
Laos |
Lebanon |
Lesotho |
Liberia |
Libya |
Madagascar |
Malawi |
Malaysia |
Maldives |
Mali |
Marshall Islands |
Mauritania |
Mauritius |
Federated States of Micronesia |
Mongolia |
Morocco |
Mozambique |
Myanmar |
Namibia |
Nepal |
Nicaragua |
Niger |
Nigeria |
Oman |
Pakistan |
Palestine |
Panama |
Papua New Guinea |
Paraguay |
Peru |
Philippines |
Qatar |
Rwanda |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
Saint Lucia |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
Samoa |
Sao Tome and Principe |
Saudi Arabia |
Senegal |
Seychelles |
Sierra Leone |
Singapore |
Solomon Islands |
Somalia |
South Africa |
Sri Lanka |
Sudan |
Suriname |
Eswatini |
Syria |
Tajikistan |
Thailand |
Timor-Leste |
Togo |
Tonga |
Trinidad and Tobago |
Tunisia |
Turkmenistan |
Uganda |
United Arab Emirates |
Tanzania |
Uruguay |
Vanuatu |
Venezuela |
Vietnam |
Yemen |
Zambia |
Zimbabwe |
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