When:
June7 – June14, 1917
Where:
Flanders, Belgium – Western Front
Who:
Allied Powers – British Empire
Central Powers – German Empire
Summary:
In June 1917, General Sir Douglas Haig planned the Battle of Messines to capture the German defenses in Ypres.
The battle was the Allied attempt to eliminate the strategic German salient at Messines. General Herbert Plumer oversaw the laying of over twenty-two mines, with six hundred tons of explosives, under the German trench line for over a year before the battle. British geologists assisted in planning the mine formations. Of these twenty-two mines, one was found and destroyed by the German troops. Two more mines in Ploegsteert Wood were not set off by the BEF in the battle.
On May 21, 1917, a round of heavy bombardment preceded the attack. Over 2,300 guns were engaged, and the firing lasted till the early hours of June 7, 1917. At 3:10 a.m. on June 7, nineteen of the mines were detonated. The detonation was the loudest man-made explosion till that point. Over 10,000 Germans were killed in the explosion. While the BEF advanced, a gas attack was launched against the German troops. By the afternoon of June 7, the British Fifth Army had achieved all objectives of the offensive. The German troops launched a counterattack which was fought until June 14, 1917, with little success for the Central Powers.
Outcome:
The BEF recorded 17,000 casualties in the Battle of Messines while the German camp lost 25,000 soldiers and resulted in a decisive Allied victory. The battle was also a necessary precursor to the Battle of Passchendaele.
Major Battles of World War I |
| Battle of Mons – 1914 | Battle of Messines – 1917 |
| Battle of Tannenberg – 1914 | Battles of Gaza – 1917 |
| Battle of Heligoland Bight – 1914 | Second Battle of Aisne – 1917 |
| First Battle of Marne – 1914 | Second Battle of Arras – 1917 |
| First Battle of the Masurian Lakes – 1914 | Battle of Messines – 1917 |
| First Battle of Aisne – 1914 | Battle of Passchendaele – 1917 |
| First Battle of Albert – 1914 | Battle of Caporetto – 1917 |
| First Battle of Arras – 1914 | Battle of Cambrai – 1917 |
| First Battle of Ypres – 1914 | German Spring Offensive – 1918 |
| Gallipoli Campaign – 1915 | Hundred Days Offensive – 1918 |
| Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes – 1915 | Battle of Messines – 1917 |
| Battles of Isonzo – 1915 | Second Battle of Somme – 1918 |
| Loos-Artois Offensive – 1915 | Second Battle of Marne – 1918 |
| Battle of Verdun – 1916 | Battle of St Mihiel – 1918 |
| Battle of Messines – 1917 | |
| First Battle of Somme – 1916 | Battle of Vittori Veneto – 1918 |