The Macedonian republic is a land-locked country which is geographically separated by the central valley of Vardar River and mountainous ranges. The geography of Macedonia is characterized by large and big mountains which give way to extensive flat valleys and plains. These valleys are inter-connected by low passes like those of Taor, Veles, Demir Kapija, Derven and Ciganska Klisura on the river bodies. The geography of Macedonia also includes the water bodies in the country. River Vardar is the longest river and Mount Golem Kareb is the highest mountain of Macedonia.

Macedonia is mostly a mountainous country with high mountain ranges which are suitable for winter sporting activities. In fact, about 35% of the ski slopes of Yugoslavia can be found in Macedonia out of which Mounts Mavrovo, Shar and Pelister are the well-known ones. Mount Galichica is also a popular winter resort of the Macedonian country.

There are three volcanic lakes in Macedonia-Lake Prespa, Lake Orhid and Lake Dorjan. Out of these, Lake Ohrid is the biggest and most beautiful tectonic lake of Macedonia. On the other hand, Lake Prespa is one of the deepest and oldest lakes in the world and is full of existing fossils and other aquatic creatures. Macedonia also has glacier lakes, natural and artificial lakes which are quite popular with tourists.

Macedonian country has a rich reserve of natural resources as well.