Information on Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan is bordered on the north by Russia, on the east by the Caspian Sea, on the south by Iran, on the west by Armenia, and on the northwest by Georgia. Azerbaijan is the easternmost country of Transcaucasia (the southern portion of the region of Caucasia), and occupies the southern part of the land connecting the Black and Caspian seas.

The main stretch of the Caucasus Mountains, known as the Greater Caucasus, forms part of Azerbaijan's northern border with Russia and contains the country's highest peak, Mount Bazardüzü (4,466 m/14,652 ft). Lower elevations are found along the Caspian coast and in the river basins of the country's two main waterways, the Kura and Aras (Araks or Arax) rivers. These rivers, which form

continuous lowland through central Azerbaijan, both originate in the mountains of northeastern Turkey.

The climate of Azerbaijan is dry and subtropical in the lowlands, with relatively mild winters and long hot summers. Summers are typically dry, with most precipitation falling during the winter months. During winters, temperatures are colder in the mountains, and snowfall is heavy at elevations of more than 3,000 m (10,000 ft).

The flora of Azerbaijan is made up of trees like beech, oak, and pine with most tree cover on the mountain slopes and in the southeastern Länkäran Lowland. As far as fauna is concerned, the subalpine forests support a number of mammal species, including bear, deer, lynx, and wild boar. Leopards, though rare, also inhabit the forests. Reptiles, such as lizards and poisonous snakes, thrive in the arid and semiarid lowlands, which constitute the majority of the country's territory. Gazelles, jackals, and hyenas populate the lowlands as well. The Caspian

Sea coast provides a mild winter home to populations of pelicans, herons, flamingos, swans, and other migratory birds.

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